For anonymity purposes, this is very useful because the proxy can “strip” away your local IP address and in its place use its own IP address.  Think of it this way, if your IP address on your local computer is let’s say 192.168.1.2 and you connect to a web page through a proxy, the proxy would take your IP and hide (for lack of a better word) it, allowing the web page to see that your connection is coming from IP address 75.22.122.35.  Why would this be useful?  Well, like I said above if you are a political activist in Communist China and trying to send information out, doing the whole freedom of press thing, would you want the government to know your personal IP address, which is just like sending them your home address, so they can come knocking on your door?  No of course not! If you have internet access at your home you have an ISP provider that in turn gives you an IP address that is registered to your name and address.

Hay man I am not an activist I am just paranoid and I do not like Uncle Sam looking over my shoulder and seeing that I connect to www.iamageek.com all day long or something else.  No problem.  Let us say you are at school, they have a firewall preventing you from connecting to Youtube or Hulu, and you want to get your daily fix of Family Guy.  I am right there with you.  You can use a proxy to go around those firewalls (in certain circumstances of course).  The reason that would work is that your school or work already knows what the IP addresses of those workstations are so they just put a filter on their firewalls and prevent your computers from connecting to those off limit web sites.  Once you use a proxy, it hides your IP address and the firewall does not recognize it and therefore does not block it from visiting Hulu or Youtube or whatever else might be block.  That is of course a very rough and quick lesson on the basics of Proxies.

One down side of using proxies is that your connection could suffer a little or a lot depending on the health of the proxy or proxies you use and the distance of the proxy from your physical location.  Just think of it; is it faster to go from point A to point B directly or is it faster to go from point A to point C and then back to point B?  Well of course the former.  Therefore, this can slow your connection down a bit.  So use it wisely.  I have used some proxies where I do not realize any lag it any exist at all and then there are times when using the same proxy I can go drink a cup of coffee and still my website has not fully loaded.  You also have you choice of free proxy servers or paid servers.  The paid ones do offer better connection speeds mainly because they are sometimes controlled by professionals who offer this service to large companies looking for more security therefore they can be very robust with lots of resources available to them.  If you can afford a professional proxy service, it would be a good tool to have.

Now don’t go out and do something illegal now that you know this technology exist.  Proxies can make it more difficult to track you online if you use it well.  If you knew someone is tracking your online activity and you use a proxy that is located in Russia or the Ukraine, when they apply their search methods they might find just the proxy address which would lead them to some small internet café in some small town they can’t pronounce somewhere in Moscow.  Nevertheless, let us be honest, the government will find you if they really want to find you no matter what you do, so do not do something stupid.  There is also proxy chaining that can be more secure.  Instead of using one proxy and its one IP address, if you chain them together you can use multiple proxies with multiple IP addresses.  If someone tracks you, theoretically, they might just find you Moscow then in China and then in Serbia all within a matter of a few minutes because the proxies can be set up to “hop” around the globe if you so wish.

One of the easiest ways to get started with using a proxy is for you to check out the Tor network.  It is a free service that connects you to a network of proxies around the world and allows you to relay all your internet activity through this network.  I recommend using Tor with the Firefox web browser due to the integrated ‘Tor button’ that is in the bottom right hand corner of the screen.  The ‘button’ allows just a simple click to activate.   Once you have set up Tor go to www.whatismyip.com and check you IP address before and after you click on the ‘Tor button.’ This will show you how anonymously you are or are not while surfing the net.

Let me know how this works out for you by leaving your comments.

This is the first screen that you will see anytime you execute the VMware application and you will want to make sure that the ‘local host’ radio button is selected and proceed by clicking ‘OK’. The reason for the ‘local host’ is that you are connecting to your physical computer that you are currently working on. If you wanted to connect to a system over the internet or intranet then you would want to choose the latter. This is very popular if you are in a large company that is utilizing virtualization software You as an employee would log onto a server that contains the program and choose which operating system you needed to do the days works. The next screen that you will come too is going to be similar to the one in the figure below.

You will be presented with the following screen shown in the figure below.

Click next.

At this point you can just click next with the ‘typical’ radio button selected. You could select the custom button but to be honest there is not much to change. But check it out later and see what you can do with it.

Click on the Linux radio button right below the Microsoft Windows button and then scroll thru the menu and select Ubuntu. If you have downloaded another operating system other than Ubuntu select the appropriate one and continue on. If you have the 64-bit version than select 64-bit. After you have made your choices click next.

Name it what you wish I am going to name mine Kubuntu. Leave the second line as the default and then click next.

This screen represents your network type. What kind of network connection do you want to use for your ‘Guest’ system? The explanations are already on the screen to help you choose which one is best for you. Most of the time you will just what to use the ‘Bridge network’ connection, this choice is easy and doesn’t require you to do much. The ‘Guest’ system will use the ‘Hosts’ system internet access directly and the program will give the ‘Guest’ system a unique IP address to do so. If you find the ‘Guest’ system having trouble connecting to the internet you might what to reconfigure the network connection with NAT. This will allow the ‘Guest’ system to use the ‘Hosts’ IP address instead of using a unique IP address. Then click next.

Depending on how much of your hard drive you want to give up for use of the new virtual machine you can set it here. Since this is your first machine that will most likely be used just for fun and experimentation just leave it at the default setting for now. I always uncheck the box right below the disk capacity setting to save myself some time. If you choose to allocate all disk space now it will increase the speed of the virtual disk later as you use the virtual machine, but it is not necessary. Then click finish.

Now that our basic setup is complete we are almost ready to start up our new virtual machine. Just a few more things to do first. Click on the ‘Edit virtual machine settings’ in the center of the screen. You should see this screen as shown in the figure below.

From this screen you can fine tune your settings that we setup earlier and choose the location of our ISO file that contains our operating system. Depending on how much memory or RAM you have installed I like to always give Linux at least 1 Gig of memory to work with, this can be done on this screen by clicking on ‘Memory’ under devices on the left of the screen and increase the counter on the right to 1024 MB (1024 MB = 1 GB). Next click on ‘CD ROM’ under ‘Memory’. On the right click the ‘Use ISO image’ radio button and click ‘Browse’ just to the right. Here you will what to find that ISO image you downloaded of the Linux OS earlier and select it. The path to the ISO image should now be seen in the window under ‘Use ISO image’ radio button. Click OK to return to the previous screen.

Now it’s time to have some fun. Click on ‘Start this virtual machine’ in the center of the screen just above ‘Edit virtual machine settings’. It might take a minute or so to start but don’t worry it will. It will start the install process or it will enter the live CD mode which allows you to test drive it without installing. Since we setup this virtual machine to install a ‘Guest’ operating system go ahead and follow the prompts on screen and choose ‘Install’ when the opportunity presents it’s self and follow the prompts on screen. Congratulations you have just setup your first virtual machine. Go have fun.

If you have any problems please email them to me and I will help you solve them.

Last week I talked about installing Linux inside of your Windows system, virtualization software does it a different way, so don’t get the two confused. There are a few different products you can download for free and get started right away, you have VMware which is arguably the most popular brand name out there, there is also VirtualBox by Sun Micro Systems and also Xen if you’re already a Linux user. I use VMware right now, it seems to be the one that major corporations use the most right now and they offer training towards earning a certification in VMware administration (which is a very sought after certification; I heard one expert saying that virtualization experts can expect upwards of a 80,000 dollar salary to start). VMware has a few different versions you can download from their website here. Some are paid versions that are useful for large company’s looking to reduce their overhead costs but the one that you can get for free is called VMware server. Don’t worry about the free part, I know some free versions of software are only good for looking and really have no practical application until you upgrade to the ‘Full’ paid version (I hate it when developers do that) but VMware server is a full fledged virtualization software that is great for the home user. When you download it they will want you to include your name and email address so they can give you a license number to install the program, if your comfortable with that then go ahead and give them you info and start your download and install the program.

So why is this technology so popular and getting more popular? If you are a CEO of a major fortune 500 company and you have the board of trustees telling you to lower you overall costs you would want to at least take a very deep look into this technology. Think about it, if you have 500 servers and another thousand clients running off of these servers you would have a large power consumption, that alone would cost you very big bucks not only in just the power to the computers but the AC units to cool down the server rooms (trust me those things get hot) and a large group of people to keep all those computers running (and that group of people need to be paid a large income if you want them to be the best) and on and on. You can see how big the bill can get very quickly. So lets say with this technology you can reduce the amount of physical servers from 500 to 100, what would that do for overall power consumption and AC usage (lets not forget the green house gases)? It would reduce all of that and give you a lower bill. I bet you can see how valuable this technology is now if you were to use it in the right application. Now that was just a very simple explanation but it paints a simple picture to see at least the basic idea of what they are trying to accomplish.

For yourself, the home user or computer enthusiast playing around with this technology is just fun and educational. It gives you the chance to play around with different operating systems and experiment in a protected atmosphere, meaning if you screw up the virtual system or the ‘Guest’ operating system you still have the real system or what we call the ‘Host’ operating system to fall back on. When you use virtualization software it comes with everything you need. The program will make a virtual environment with everything you need to play with. It will virtualize a network connection for you and gives a few different choices for the type of connection as well like NAT, Bridged, and a couple others. It also creates a virtual hard disk drive (HDD), you can choose the amount of RAM you want the ‘Guest’ to consume and many more options to customized your virtual experience. As usual the amount of information that I have conveyed thus far is only a small percent of what you can learn about the technology, technology that is always evolving, which is why I love this industry, there is always new and exciting things that are coming out all the time. Next time I will go through an install of a ‘Guest’ operating system on your new virtual system, but until then go download the software and play around with it and don’t worry about breaking it any virtual system you create in the program is essentially ‘fake’ for lack of a better word.

Have any comments or do you currently use Virtualization Software, let me know what you think.

The reason for Ubuntu and not some of the other hundreds of choices is that Ubuntu is very easy to use for beginners, it has a very extensive community of people who are willing to help even the most novice of techies solve any of your problems, and of course Wubi only works on Ubuntu.  Ubuntu has been the most popular distro of Linux for a long time now and has a few different flavors or versions of it.  For those of you that like the interface of windows let me suggest Kubuntu, it is a flavor of Ubuntu but uses the KDE desktop that is much more akin to a windows look and feel, this would allow you to have a more smooth transition over to Linux.  Now don’t be worried Kubuntu is Ubuntu it just looks different, the same way Windows XP looks different from Windows 7, they are both Windows operating systems, they just look different.  First off you need to download a Kubuntu Linux operating system.You can download it here.

It’s a big file so take a coffee break and relax.  When the file finishes downloading you have just completed the hardest part.   If you have a CD or DVD burning software that allows you to burn ISO files, do so with the file you just finished downloading.  If not then you can download free ISO burners.  There are a few out there but try this one here if you are stuck with making a decision.  Once that is done start you CD and you should a window similar to figure 1.1.

Figure 1.1

If not then click on you ‘my computer’ icon and double click on your CD icon that you just finished burning.  Once you are at this window click on the second icon titled ‘Install inside Windows’.  The next window should be similar to that in figure 1.2.

Figure 1.2

Just keep all the defaults and enter you choice of password in the assigned area and then click on the install button.  It only takes a couple of minutes, at this point a third window appears similar to the one in figure 1.3.

Figure 1.3

At this point select the ‘Reboot now’ radio button and click ‘Finish’.  Your computer will restart and enter a boot loader page that gives you the option to choose either your Windows operating system or you new Kubuntu Linux operating system.  Use your arrow keys to choose Kubuntu and then go get yourself another cup of coffee and come back to your computer in about 30 min.  Kubuntu is going to finish the installation of the operating system.  Once this is all done you are ready to dive into your brand new OS.  You see I told you that the hardest part was just the waiting for the download of the ISO file.  The final step of this process is just to explore and have fun and don’t worry about your Windows OS, it is still there untouched and safe.  If you decide that Linux is not for you then just restart you computer and choose your Windows OS at the boot loader screen and boot into Windows and then simply go to the ‘Add and Remove programs’ icon in your control panel and uninstall Kubuntu.  Done and done.

Make sure to leave your comments or if you have a question about the process please let me know.

.exe – Windows Executable File

If you have installed anything on a Microsoft windows operating system you have used this one before.   The nice thing about the .exe file is that it is a self extracting archive file that runs when you double click on it.  INSTALL.EXE and SETUP.EXE are examples you might see very often.

.sys – Windows System File

These tend to be important ones so please have a look at them on your computer but be careful about modifying these or your system might not function properly.  The system files contain your device drivers, kernel code and system settings and variables, so remember NO touchy!  (unless you know what you’re doing)

.doc – Word Document

If you have ever typed up a document using Microsoft word and saved it, this would be the trailing filename extension that is automatically applied to the end of the filename.  Microsoft word 2007 edition and later now saves their documents with the .docx extension for the new OpenXML format.  Windows office 2007 has the ability to save documents in the .doc extension and the .docx extension for one reason that office 2003 does not support .docx, so choice wisely which format you want to save as and always back up important documents.

.jpg – JPEG Image File

Most digital cameras use this file extension by default.  A JPEG is a compressed image format standardized by the Joint Photographic Experts Group or JPEG for short.  This format supports up to 24-bit color, and is also a common format for publishing Web graphics.

.pdf – Portable Document Format File

This is a nice file type, it is a cross platform, meaning that multiple OS’s can use this file type and can contain both text and pictures.  It can be viewed right from the browser if you have the proper plug-in for it.  Adobe Acrobat created this format to be as versatile as it is.

.mp3 – MP3 Audio File

This is a compressed audio format developed by Movie Pictures Experts Group. They used a layer 3 audio compression hence the 3 at the end of .mp3.  This format provides near CD quality and comes in a few different bit-rates:  128, 160, 192, and 256 kbps; the higher the bit-rate the higher the quality.

.avi – Audio Video Interleave File

This is a video container file created by Microsoft.  This is a nice choice for video files because they usually use a lower compression rate to create them and in return you the user see a higher quality video.

.html – Hypertext Markup Language File

This is a very popular programming language that can be used to write web pages.  When you open up your favorite browser the HTML source code is parsed by the Web browser and is not seen by the end user.   If you would like to see the source code of the web page you can do so by selecting the ’view menu’ and then select ‘view source’.  At that point if you desire you could edit the source code from this page.

.dll – Dynamic Link Library

This one can be a pain in the butt if you have ever received a filename.dll error when working on your windows machine.  This is a compiled library file containing a set of procedures and drivers that are referenced and executed by a program that they are linked to.  Most of the .dll files that you come in to contact with came with the Windows OS and programs that you install.  Just like with the .sys files (see above) you should not modify these files in any way or you can get that lovely filename.dll error that makes our days just great when trying to work on our computers.  So just like before, unless you know what you’re doing, NO touchy!

Like I said at the beginning there are a lot more filename extensions to cover but these ones you should see a bit more than the rest.  But please if you have any questions or extensions that you would like to see discussed here please let me know.

The first thing that I noticed was that I could view the SSID (service set identifier) of every single network.  What the SSID does is it gives your network a name whether it is “John’s Internet” or ”Mary’s Office”.   If a hacker wants to use your wireless connection for malicious purposes what the SSID does is that it gives him or her a good place to start.  If someone can’t see it good chances are they don’t know it’s there.  It’s the whole out of site out of mind principal.   Your wireless router sends out a ‘beacon’ signal that advertises its existence and your computer see’s that beacon signal and says “hey buddy I want to connect”,  “ok” says the router and there you go you’re connected.  That’s the SSID in a nutshell, now you can only connect if it is an ‘open network’ meaning no encryption.  So to protect you network one thing you can do is to disable that beacon signal from broadcasting that you are in the area.  This can be done easily through your wireless router management page.  Just click on the proper radio button and off you go.  Now this isn’t a solution for everybody, for instance if you are a coffee shop owner and you want your guesses to have free Wi-Fi access you should enable this feature on you router to make it easier for your guests to connect to.

Not all of the wireless networks at my apartment complex are open networks but some are and the reason is not only do they broadcast their SSID but they have no encryption.  Come get some!  Encryption that is.  You have a few choices with this option, which actually should not be an ‘option’ these days if you can help it.  You have WEP, WPA or WPA 2.  I can write a whole blog on each one of these encryption standards but let me wrap it up in a nutshell.  WEP or wired equivalent privacy is an algorithm to secure wireless networks.  Wireless networks work by sending their information over radio waves and anybody with the proper equipment can capture these radio waves and eavesdrop on your entire conversation.  The first implementation of security that was put in place was WEP.  What that did was encrypt your radio transmission or conversation so others can’t just overhear what you’re saying.  WEP worked great until hackers realized that it was easy to crack and therefore gain access to your network.  I knew this guy that could crack the WEP encryption within 60 seconds!  If you can help don’t use this method.

Next on our list is WPA and WPA 2 or Wi-Fi protected access.  This encryption implementation was made for the simple reason that there were significant security risks when using the WEP protocol.  Just to keep it simple let’s just say that WPA has a much more difficult algorithm to crack.  WPA was brought out to take the place of the, at the time, current WEP until the next encryption protocol of WPA 2 was finished.  When WPA 2 came out so did AES or advanced encryption standard which was adopted by our very own United States government.  The AES which is used in conjunction with WPA 2 comes in three forms 128, 192 and 256 bit-block size.  The higher the number the better;   your IP address is only 32 bits long.  For example, 192.168.120.100 is only 32 bits long.  Try to crack one that is 256 bits long, it’s not impossible but almost, which is why if you can use the WPA 2 with the 256 bit encryption, it will secure your network to a much higher degree.  If you have older equipment they might not be able to use WPA so use WEP.  A weak encryption is better than no encryption.  There is a lot more to securing your network then what was just covered but this should be all you need to get started, there have been books written explaining just one aspect of what I am trying to cover here so check back often and I will be adding new posts and ideas for you to keep you having fun and being safe on the internet.

You agree or disagree?   You love it or hate it?  Leave a comment and tell me.

Unlike Windows or Mac OS who keeps their information about the software behind locked doors (big locked doors by the way) Linux has been free and has been devolved from people all over the world sometimes not making a single penny.  Some of the more popular distributions, or just distro’s for short, of Linux are Ubuntu, Mint, Fedora, Centos, and hundreds more.  No exaggerating; hundreds, and yes they are all free.  Check out Distrowatch.com for a full list.  Some of these are for servers or desktops, some are for Net books.  Some are for advanced users and some for newbie’s.  But wait a second how good can this free software be?  Good question.  Did you know that an estimated 60% of all web servers are running ‘Apache’ which is open source free software that anybody can download and configure to set up their own web server.  Now something like that would be considered for the advanced user so be careful with what software you download, you could destroy you system if you don’t know what you’re doing.  Still not convinced, look at your phone if you have one of those popular Android phones… yep that’s Linux based as well.  No still doesn’t do it for you well you might be surprised that your Mac OS computer also has some Linux in it, you strip away all the pretty graphical user interface, or just GUI, and you have a command line with… yep the ‘bash shell’ which is a staple in Linux OS.

So what if your phone that you carry around with you always is Linux based and that Mac computer that cost you over a grand has a free software based operating system, who cares right, I really like Microsoft office it works for me and I have to pay for it.  Yeah that true but you don’t have to pay for Open Office.  Check out Openoffice.org and download the program and give it a try.  Do you work for a company that has a computer on every desk?  Talk to your IT department, which might be using some kind of Linux in the back room where they keep the servers.  Oh come on can it really be that stable to run on my personal computer or my companies servers for that matter?  I don’t know.  Check it out for yourself and give it a try.  It might not be the best choice for you.  At the very least you might learn something and possibly have a bit of fun in the process.  However on a side note I talked to a systems administrator the other day that took care of multiple servers at his place of business and he said that he has ran a form of Linux nonstop for the past two years with no problems.  When I say two years I mean two years straight without ever shutting down for the night or restarting.  Two years (24/7)!  Now I run Windows 7 on my laptop along with Linux through a virtual machine, which I will talk about later, but don’t get me wrong I really enjoy Windows 7 and it is my workhorse for the time being, but I can’t go without restarting it for some reason or another every day or so.  Two years; that’s crazy.  And cool.  But I like Internet Explorer and I have to pay for Windows to get it.  Internet Explorer, really; we can talk about that later but in the mean time head on over to Mozilla.com and download Firefox for your web browser.  Yes it’s free.  I like Outlook you say; well go back to Mozilla.com and download Thunderbird.  All free.  FREE!  You don’t have to pay for everything when it comes to computers.  And the great thing about most of the free software is that you can still use it with you Windows computer.  So that means you can give it a try and you have nothing to lose.

The newest specification for the USB family is the ‘SuperSpeed’ 3.0 which considers it reasonable to achieve 3.2 Gbit/s of transfer rates.  I did read somewhere that is might be possible to achieve a 5 Gbit/s transfer rate under certain circumstances.  Some of the first devices that made use of this specification were released early this year by ASUS and Gigabyte Technology at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas.  I for one am looking forward to seeing more companies come out with devices that can use the new USB technology.

In September of 1999, through the hard work of the boys over at the IEEE, they came out with the next standard of the original 802.11 protocol duping it 802.11a.  I know the name is a bit trite but their engineers, not writers.  Anyways… along with the new standard name came along with some enhancement of the original standard increasing the signal strength to the 5 GHz frequency, a much more quiet frequency, and it increased the download speed up to a possible 54 Mbit’s.  The 5 GHz allowed the device to operate on a spectrum that did not see a large amount of interference, decreasing the likelihood of distortions or failures.  That same month they also release the 802.11b standard which operated on the 2.4 GHz frequency with a download speed of up to 11 Mbit’s.  Although the ‘a’ standard utilizes the more unused frequency of 5 GHz it did however reduce the overall effective distance of the 802.11a, which is why they came out with the ‘b’ standard that same year which in theory has a greater effective range.

June of 2003 marked another enhancement in the 802.11 protocol which became 802.11g standard.  This standard operates on the 2.4 GHz frequency and has a download speed of up to 54 Mbit’s.  With this standard the good people over at the IEEE tried to offer us the best of both the 802.11a and 802.11b standard by using the higher rate of download speed from the ‘a’ and the greater effective range of the ‘b’.  This standard was very popular to the masses not only because of the information that we just went over but production costs went down which allowed the manufactures to sell their products at a more affordable price, in the end a lot of people jumped on that band wagon and bought themselves a wireless ‘g’ router.  I was able to pick up one for myself for only 30 bucks!  It works great.

After the popular 802.11g standard the IEEE in October of 2009 came up with the next big thing in wireless technology and they called it 802.11n.  Now the ‘n’ standard is interesting because it operates on both the 2.4 and 5 GHz frequency, which decreased the chance of interference by common household products and increased the effective range of the wireless router.  Both of these frequencies allowed for the possible download speed of up to 150 Mbit’s, this appealed to a lot of gamers that needed the extra boost for their online gaming and anybody else that wanted to view videos online or just wanted a faster experience while on the internet.   So go out and get yourself a wireless router and feel the freedom it gives you if you have not already done so.  If you need help on configuring one for your SOHO (small office/home office) then check out The Tech Saint they have a very simple and easy to follow guide to setting one up if you.

Want to input your two cents….  Leave a comment.

Firefox on the other hand is not only my favorite but has a big cult following because of its security and speed and it also the default option in many Linux distributions.   Firefox is a full-featured Web browser, it includes pop-up blocking and tab-browsing, integrated Google search, privacy controls and a number of cool features that can help secure your online internet browsing or just simply make it more fun to do so.  Firefox has hundreds of add-ons that can enhance the default view of the interface to make it more appealing for anybody.  A few add-ons that I use are ‘no-script’ for enhanced security and ‘color-tabs’ just to add some color to the page.  Another good one is ‘ad-block’, all three I recommend.  It also has a lot of advanced features and add-ons   that you can choose from if you are more of the technical computer user, for instance if you want to use a proxy server Firefox makes it easy for you to do that if you install the right add-on.  This is one browser that you should try at least once.

As for Apple’s Safari web browser it also has an elegant look and feel to it.  The earlier versions are a bit lacking but the newest version (version 4) is a step up if you use it on the windows platform.   As you probability know Apple products look best on Apple machines so you are not going to get a whole lot of options when it comes to customizing, but you might like it.  Some people that I talk to say it is like Chrome by Google in some ways.  While testing it I was not happy with the amount of RAM that is utilized but maybe if you have a lot of RAM to spear in your system you won’t have that problem like I did but like I said before try it out and see what you like best.

Chrome by Google was surprising: it is young.  It did not take years and years for it to be one of the more popular web browsers available on the internet.  It has a sleek interface that is simple and intuitive to use, and it is fast.  One thing that I always look for in a computer is speed; you don’t want to wait around for something to download.  What you don’t like waiting thirty minutes for fast food while in the drive thru?  Yeah me neither.  That’s why they have browsers like this: for speed.

Firefox, Chrome, Safari, and yes even Internet Explorer all deserve a look from time to time.  If you use one and haven’t tried one of the others give it a try…   All the browsers mention here are free, that’s a good thing since you paid how much for the computer that in a few months becomes obsolete when new bigger and faster hardware comes out… yeah they can get costly.  Verity Is the spice of life give something else a try.

Give me your two cents…  Leave a comment.